Compression Fractures

What are compression fractures?

Compression fractures happen when the bones in the spine, called vertebrae, break and collapse. This often results from a condition called osteoporosis, where bone density decreases, making bones fragile. Compression fractures can occur anywhere in the spine, but they tend to occur most commonly in the thoracic and lumbar spine.

While some compression fractures are related to trauma, such as a fall or accident, many occur spontaneously due to the weakened structure of the vertebrae. These fractures can lead to sudden back pain and, if left untreated, may cause long-term issues like deformity, chronic pain, and loss of muscle and aerobic conditioning due to lack of activity and exercise.

Common causes of compression fractures:

• Osteoporosis (the most frequent cause)
• Falls or minor trauma
• Lifting heavy objects
• Severe coughing or sneezing

How do I know if I have a compression fracture?

The most noticeable symptom of a compression fracture is sudden back pain. This pain may begin after a specific event, such as lifting or coughing, or it may come on without any clear cause. In some cases, people don’t immediately realize they have a fracture and might dismiss the pain as a common back issue.

Symptoms to watch for:

• Sudden, intense back pain
• Pain that worsens with standing or walking
• Tingling or numbness in your back

If you suspect you have a compression fracture, it’s important to consult with a healthcare provider. X-rays or other imaging tests may be needed to confirm the diagnosis.

How are compression fractures treated?

Treatment for compression fractures depends on the severity of the fracture and your overall health. The goal is to reduce pain and prevent the fracture from worsening.

Nonsurgical treatment options

For many patients, nonsurgical treatments are the first line of care. These options may include wearing a back brace to stabilize the spine, which allows the fracture to heal naturally. Pain medications and physical therapy can also help manage discomfort and improve mobility.

Surgical treatment: Kyphoplasty

In cases where the fracture causes severe pain or instability, Dr. Jones may recommend a minimally invasive procedure called kyphoplasty. Kyphoplasty is a twenty-minute procedure that can be performed without general anesthesia. It is performed by placing one or two needles into the vertebral body and then using a balloon to create a cavity and restore height to the fractured vertebrae.

Once the cavity is created, cement is injected into the cavity and the needles are removed. This procedure often leads to immediate pain relief and a fast recovery, with minimal restrictions afterward.

Compression fractures can be debilitating, but with prompt diagnosis and appropriate treatment, most patients can experience significant pain relief and regain mobility. If you’re dealing with back pain and think it might be related to a compression fracture, it’s important to seek professional help. Call The Spine Institute of Southeast Texas or schedule an appointment online today.